Arrays, in C++, are simply arrangements of 'objects' -- in the basic usage we'll be using in this tutorial, we will be using arrays to simply store lists of data (of a certain because each piece of data stored (whether it be an integer, string, or something entirely different) has a number assigned to it that it can be referenced by. This is called the index, and the index number simply counts up from 0 as the array gets bigger - so the first element in the array would have the index of 0, the second the index of 1, etc.
- Character Size Byte
- Dev C++ Character Size Chart
- Dev C++ Character Sizes
- Dev C++ Character Size Comparison
- Dev C Character Size Chart
Character Size Byte
Jul 30, 2016 How To Change DEV C Font Style + Size (HACK PEDIA) It's weird for me guys because I actually didn't able to find out this option at the first time and then I had to googled about it. As we can see, we get the length of the given string as our output. Since the fgets function also considers the newline character inside the string, the length of the string returned by the strlen function has to be decreased by 1. Using loops to find string length in C. The example below illustrates how using loop iterations we can count the length of a specified string. Sep 26, 2009 How to change font in Dev c ? I want to change the boring font in the editor of bloodshed dev c. How to do it? Color and size of Text In DevCpp. Sep 27, 2018 A string is a one dimensional character array that is terminated by a null character. The length of a string is the number of characters in the string before the null character. Char str = “The sky is blue”; Number of characters in the above string = 15 A program to find the length of a string is given as follows. Jun 13, 2015 In this video, I am going to teach how to increase/decrease text size, change text font, and change text direction. Oct 28, 2012 home topics c / c questions what statement can i use to increase the character size of my output in dev c + Ask a Question. Post your question and get tips & solutions from a community of 449,765 IT Pros & Developers. What statement can I use to increase the character size of my output in Dev C. P: 1 bessaacg.
Obviously storing data in this tabular-like manor is very useful in real world applications - a classic example that is usually given is pupils' scores in a test. Perhaps each student got a score out of 100 for their test - this data would be best stored in an integer array. In the real world the scores would probably be recorded in a text file or something similar, but we could always build in functionality to read this file and then store that data in an array inside our application.
Arrays can be created in C++ very much like 'normal variables' (with a) , followed by the index number of the element we wish to target in square brackets, followed by an equals sign and then the value we wish to set it to (and then obviously a semi-colon to end the line). So if we wanted to initialize the first element (of index 0) in our array to the value '15', we could write the following:
The same could also be done for the scores of the other members of the class (elements of the array from index 0 to index 29). If we then wanted to use these values later (for example if we wanted to cout one or all of the elements), we can access a certain element of the array just as we did when we were assigning values to each element - by writing the array name and then the index number in square brackets. So we could output the first element in the array (remember, this is the one with the index of 0!) by writing something like cout << ClassScores[0];.
You may have noticed when we learnt how to initialize the elements in arrays earlier, that the process was extremely long and drawn out (imagine having to initialize hundreds of array elements!) - luckily there is an easier way to initialize the elements in an array. Instead of individually setting each element to a certain value (which can be done at any point in the program, not just at element initialization) we can actually initialize the elements when we declare the array! This method of initialization is accomplished by simply shoving an equals sign after the declaration of the array and then specifying the different array elements, with commas separating them, in curly brackets. This method doesn't require any value in the square brackets either as the compiler can calculate how many elements we are initializing and set the array size to that! To show this method of initialization, let's just set some values for each score in the class at the array declaration - let's cut it down to 20 this time for the sake of simplicity:
With an array declared and initialized, we can do a whole bunch of stuff with it! A nice example might be outputting all of the students' scores - unfortunately, however, there's no really easy and clean way to do this without knowing about 'loops' or some other fancy things, so for now we'll have to just repeat a bunch of code. Generally speaking when you feel your repeating a lot of code when C++ programming, there is probably a better way to accomplish what you're trying to do, but for now just go with it. I've cut the array down to 5 elements this time, simply because I don't want to have to copy and paste a single line 20 times - you'll learn about a more elegant solution to our problem of outputting array elements in the next tutorial.
Another really cool thing that you could do with arrays is trying to 're-create' the 'string', character arrays like 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' were used -- character arrays of this kind can, unlike most, actually be outputted just by couting their name because they're so much like strings. It's worth nothing that when creating character arrays like these, however, you should also add another character onto the array, which is a 'null character' which shows where the string ends - this is called the null termination of a string, and the null character is expressed via '0'.
'Real' strings can actually be treated just like character arrays in some circumstances too - using square brackets and an index number gets a certain character of the string (for example string_name[1] of 'Hello' would be 'e'). If you're feeling up to the challenge, try moving a string variable defined in code (of a fixed length) like string one = 'Hello';, to a 'char' array of the same length using the information above. It probably seems a bit pointless, I know, but it's good practice with using arrays. If you don't feel up to the challenge, the code for doing such a thing (which once again would be a bit cleaner with 'loops'), is as follows:
Dev C++ Character Size Chart
- C++ Basics
- C++ Object Oriented
- C++ Advanced
- C++ Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
C++ provides following two types of string representations −
- The C-style character string.
- The string class type introduced with Standard C++.
The C-Style Character String
The C-style character string originated within the C language and continues to be supported within C++. This string is actually a one-dimensional array of characters which is terminated by a null character '0'. Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the string followed by a null.
The following declaration and initialization create a string consisting of the word 'Hello'. To hold the null character at the end of the array, the size of the character array containing the string is one more than the number of characters in the word 'Hello.'
Dev C++ Character Sizes
If you follow the rule of array initialization, then you can write the above statement as follows −
Following is the memory presentation of above defined string in C/C++ −
Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The C++ compiler automatically places the '0' at the end of the string when it initializes the array. Let us try to print above-mentioned string −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Dev C++ Character Size Comparison
C++ supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated strings −
| Sr.No | Function & Purpose |
|---|---|
| 1 | strcpy(s1, s2); Copies string s2 into string s1. |
| 2 | strcat(s1, s2); Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1. |
| 3 | strlen(s1); Returns the length of string s1. |
| 4 | strcmp(s1, s2); Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2. |
| 5 | strchr(s1, ch); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1. |
| 6 | strstr(s1, s2); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1. |
Following example makes use of few of the above-mentioned functions −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces result something as follows −
The String Class in C++
Dev C Character Size Chart
The standard C++ library provides a string class type that supports all the operations mentioned above, additionally much more functionality. Let us check the following example −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces result something as follows −